Glossary of Terms

a measure that intends to capture deprivations in various dimensions. This measure can be broken down to reveal the incidence and contribution of each indicator to the overall deprivation, thus providing a clearer picture of the design and implementation of poverty reduction programs and policies. 

refers to an alliance of multiple countries pursuing a common goal.

training of workers in a number of skills that enable them to perform a variety of tasks or functions across traditional boundaries. Multiskilling may be horizontal (broad skilling), vertical (upskilling), or diagonal (contributory skilling).

an international agreement by which two or more countries agree to recognize one another's conformity assessments. If the products identified according to the MRA have been examined and assessed conformity before export, they will be directly imported by countries signing the agreement, instead of having to go through the examining and assessing process of the importing country. Hence, MRA is an important instrument in facilitating international trade.

chemical substances or materials that are manufactured and used at a very small scale. Nanomaterials are developed to exhibit novel characteristics compared to the same material without nanoscale features, such as increased strength, chemical reactivity, or conductivity. 

is science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science, and engineering.

(or a miniaturized satellite) is an earth-orbiting device having lower mass and smaller physical dimensions than a conventional satellite, such as a geostationary satellite. Miniaturized satellites have become increasingly common in recent years. They are well-suited for use in proprietary wireless communications networks, as well as for scientific observation, data gathering, and the Global Positioning System (GPS).

refers to the assessment of an individual’s competence that leads to the issuance of a National Certificate (NC) or a Certificate of Competency (COC).

describes the policies governing assessment and certification procedure.

an industry body recognized and authorized by TESDA to assume responsibilities in implementing and managing skills standardization, accreditation, and assessment activities.